Individual & Group Counseling Techniques

Mental health practitioners use a variety of techniques for individual and group counseling. The needs of the individual or group members determine which technique is applied. Therapists may prefer certain techniques due to the theory of practice to which they subscribe, or a history of success with particular treatments. More than one technique may be used during the same therapy session.

Cognitive Triangle

• Cognitive behavior therapy, or CBT, is often used for treatment of depression and anxiety in children and adults. One technique used in CBT is the cognitive triangle. On each point of a triangle, write the words "Thought," "Feeling" and "Behavior." Given a particular event or situation, have the client list the thought, feeling and behavior associated with the situation. Show the client how the behaviors and feelings are a direct result of thoughts. Discuss with the client whether the behavior and thoughts are appropriate and rational.

Systematic Desensitization

• Behavior therapy focuses on the specific problem behaviors. One behavior therapy technique is systematic desensitization. During this process, clients are gradually exposed to a stressor and use relaxation techniques to cope with the situation. This technique also requires a lengthy interview process to prepare for the desensitization process. This technique is often used for individuals with anxiety disorders.

Making the Rounds

• Making the rounds is a technique based on Gestalt theory; it is used in group settings. For this activity, a group member goes around to each other member and either speaks to him or does something with him. For example, if a member has not participated in discussions due to distrust of other group members, the facilitator may ask him to go to the other members and tell them why he does not trust them. The benefit of this technique is experiment with new behavior, and to grow and change as a person.

Genogram

• A genogram is a technique based on Family Systems Theory. The genogram is a diagram of three generations of the client's family. It displays characteristics of each family member, including marital status, date of birth and date of death. Other information can be included as needed. There is no concrete rule for the symbols used; however, typically squares indicate male family members while females are circles. Zig-zag lines can indicate dysfunctional relationships or lack of contact. The information gained from this technique includes family attachments, cultural and ethnic origins and socioeconomic status.