What Causes Oppositional Behavior?

Excessive oppositional behavior is clinically referred to as Oppositional Defiant Disorder, or ODD. ODD is a behavioral disorder characterized by disobedient, negative, defiant and hostile behaviors toward authority. It occurs mainly in childhood but can extend into adulthood. Key symptoms of ODD are temper tantrums, excessive arguing with adults, deliberate attempts to annoy people and inability to take "No" for an answer. While the cause of ODD is unknown, there are a few theories to explain its development.

Genetic Theory

• Oppositional Defiant Disorder may have a genetic link with the history of parents and other members of the family. It has been found that ODD is predominant in children whose parents have a history of Attention Deficit Disorder, depression and substance abuse problems.

Biological Theory

• Oppositional Defiant Disorder may be caused by abnormal levels of neurotransmitters due to a slow-maturing brain. Neurotransmitters help nerve cells communicate with one another. They control impulse, judgment and negotiation. Children with ODD tend to have social problems derived from the inability to understand the social cues of others and respond with aggression.

Environmental Theory

• Family and environment may play a part in the development of Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Inconsistent limits, structure and discipline are thought to be contributors of ODD. Stress in a family, such as divorce or substance abuse, can also contribute to ODD. A child's oppositional and defiant behavior may be an attempt to gain control, feel safe or gain attention from a parent.

Co-Morbid Theory

• Oppositional Defiant Disorder is frequently seen in children who suffer from other disorders, such as Bipolar, Anxiety and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Treatment for ODD

• Although there are no medications available that effectively treat Oppositional Defiant Disorder, treating any co-morbid conditions by medication may help manage the symptoms of ODD. Other treatments include behavioral and social therapy and anger management. If the cause of the condition is environmental, a therapist may request family counseling or attempt to remove the child from the negative environment.