Information on ADD and ADHD

ADD, or ADHD, is a common childhood disorder. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, it is estimated that 2 million American children are affected by ADD (attention deficit disorder)/ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Although there is no cure, the symptoms can be managed. Those affected are usually able to lead normal lives.

What is the difference between ADHD and ADD?

• Although the terms are used interchangeably, ADHD is the official term used by the American Psychiatric Association to describe disorders characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Types

• There are three types of ADHD: the predominantly inattentive type (easily distracted, difficulty organizing, not able to follow through with instructions), predominantly hyperactive and impulsive (fidgety, excessive restlessness, talking nonstop, difficulty waiting for a turn), and inattentive combined with hyperactive.

Who it affects

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is most common during childhood, but it can continue into adolescence and adulthood. The disorder affects three times more boys than girls.

Diagnosis

• There is no single test to diagnose ADHD. A mental health specialist gathers information and rules out other possibilities. A child diagnosed with the disorder must exhibit symptoms for 6 months or more and to a degree greater than other children of the same age.

Causes

• ADHD often runs in families, suggesting that the disorder may be genetic. Children exposed to environmental toxins, and those whose mothers smoked or did drugs during pregnancy are at higher risk to have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Treatment

• Stimulant medications increase activity in the brain, improve attention, and reduce aggressive behavior associated with ADHD. Behavioral therapy, including practical help to organize and the teaching of social skills, is commonly part of treatment.