Differences Between ADHD & Manic Depression

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and manic depression are sometimes confused with each other, especially in children and adolescents. The differences in the diagnostic profiles becomes easier to distinguish in adulthood. ADHD and bipolar disorder, otherwise known as manic depression, are two separate mental health conditions. ADHD is identified by symptoms such as inattention, poor impulse control and hyperactivity. In manic depression, the dysfunction is characterized by extreme mood swings. Symptoms can look similar, therefore it is necessary for a trained clinician to make the official diagnosis.

ADHD

• Symptoms of ADHD are being unable to focus or concentrate, a short attention span, problems planning ahead, unable to complete tasks, poor follow through, frequently losing things, forgetfulness, fidgeting or subjective feelings of restlessness. Diagnosis is made when these symptoms are present for at least six months and are severe enough to cause distress or impairment in functioning. Symptoms may impact all aspects of life, including work, school or social and family relationships.

Manic Depression (Bipolar Disorder)

• Symptoms of manic depression are feeling elated, "on top of the world" with little to no sleep, levels of high creativity and energy, and high risk behavior such as increased and indiscriminate spending or sexual behavior. Characteristics of the depressive episodes of bipolar disorder are feeling chronically sad with appetite changes, sleep disturbances, loss of pleasure and/or suicidal thoughts, plans or gestures.

Similar Features

• Individuals with ADHD and manic depression have difficulties with concentration, abnormally high energy levels, easy distraction and impulsive or hyperactive behavior. People with ADHD and mania typically act without thinking and this can cause significant problems. Symptoms of ADHD and bipolar disorder are difficult to control without intervention or treatment.

Basic Differences

• Experiencing ADHD is a disturbance in impulse control and behavior whereas manic depression is a disturbance of mood. Bipolar disorder puts patients at a higher risk than ADHD because symptoms tend to be more severe and cause significant disruption in levels of functioning. Furthermore, manic depression is more often associated with lethality due to the suicidal behavior that is part of the symptom profile in bipolar patients. People with bipolar disorder tend to be hospitalized more often and ADHD is well-managed on an outpatient basis.

Treatment

• Treating ADHD and manic depression differs in therapeutic approach and types of medication options. Therapeutic approaches for ADHD will focus on behavioral modification that employs relaxation techniques and linking poor behavior to consequences. Stimulant drugs, such as methylphenidate, are the medications of choice for people with ADHD. Therapeutic approaches for manic depression will focus learning coping skills to manage mood symptoms. Anticonvulsants (valproic acid) or mood stabilizers (lithium) are the medications of choice for people with bipolar disorder.