Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Syndrome

Attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, more commonly referred to as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is one of the most common childhood mental illnesses. However, in recent years getting diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome as an adult has become more common. People who suffer from ADHD have serious problems paying attention, completing tasks, and also exhibit overactivity and impulsive behavior, according to the Centers for Disease Control.

Inattention Symptoms

• A diagnosis of ADHD may be made if children or adults have six or more symptoms of inattention for at least six months, according to the CDC. The symptoms must interfere with normal work, school or family functioning. Common inattention symptoms include problems paying attention to school or play activities, not listening when spoken to by another person, difficulty completing tasks, making careless mistakes in schoolwork, forgetfulness, being disorganized, becoming easily distracted, and losing things. ADHD sufferers also usually have problems finishing anything that requires sustained attention, like a project or book.

Hyperactivity and Impulsivity Symptoms

• A diagnosis of ADHD may also be made if the patient has six or more symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity for at least six months, according to the CDC. Hyperactivity symptoms are as follows: fidgeting or squirming when expected to sit still, getting up from a desk at inappropriate times, problems with playing or reading quietly, excessive talking, unnecessary running around and similar activity, and acting like one is "driven by a motor." Impulsivity symptoms are the following: blurting out answers before the question is finished, interrupting others, and impatience when waiting for one's turn.

Types

• There are three types of ADHD, according to the CDC. Children and adults can be diagnosed with the combined type if they suffer from inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The second form of ADHD is known as predominantly inattentive, while the third type of the disorder is called predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. The symptoms should not be associated with other mental illnesses such as an anxiety disorder, a personality disorder, or a psychotic or mood disorder.

Treatment

• Attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome can be treated with one or several medical and psychological methods, according to the CDC. Medications, either stimulants such as Ritalin and Adderall or antidepressants such as Wellbutrin, are often prescribed to help those with ADHD. Stimulants and antidepressants change the chemicals in the patient's brain to create a more calm and focused mental and physical state. Therapy as well parent and teacher involvement and training is also recommended.

Causes

• A definite cause for ADHD has not been determined, according to the CDC. Studies have been under way and there are a number of theories regarding why some children and adults get ADHD while others do not. Medical professionals have determined that while eating sugar and poor parenting can exacerbate ADHD symptoms, they do not cause the syndrome. Genetics likely play a significant role in why some people have ADHD, and scientists are studying other possible risk factors such as low birth weight, brain injury, and exposure to lead and other potentially dangerous chemicals.