What medications are prescribed for insomnia and why do they work?

Benzodiazepines:

Benzodiazepines are the most commonly prescribed medications for insomnia. They work by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that has calming and sedative effects. Examples of benzodiazepines include lorazepam (Ativan), temazepam (Restoril), and triazolam (Halcion).

Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics:

Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics are a newer class of medications used for insomnia. They are similar to benzodiazepines in their effects, but they may have a lower risk of addiction and fewer side effects. Examples of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics include zolpidem (Ambien), eszopiclone (Lunesta), and zaleplon (Sonata).

Melatonin receptor agonists:

Melatonin receptor agonists, such as ramelteon (Rozerem), work by binding to melatonin receptors in the brain. Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles. Ramelteon can help people fall asleep more easily and improve sleep quality.

Antihistamines:

Some antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and doxylamine (Unisom), have sedative effects and may be used to treat insomnia. However, antihistamines can cause daytime drowsiness and other side effects, so they are not typically recommended as a first-line treatment for insomnia.

Other medications:

Other medications that may be prescribed for insomnia include:

* Trazodone (Desyrel): A medication typically used as an antidepressant, trazodone can also help with sleep.

* Amitriptyline (Elavil): A tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline may be used for insomnia, especially when it's caused by depression or anxiety.

* Gabapentin (Neurontin): A medication used to treat seizures and nerve pain, gabapentin may also help with insomnia.

The choice of medication for insomnia depends on the individual's specific needs and preferences. Some people may find that one medication works better for them than another. It is important to talk to a healthcare provider about the best medication for insomnia.