Standard Questions for Preparing a Genogram

Genograms are a tool frequently used by family therapists. They are similar to family trees, but use symbols to represent individuals, their relationships and other important information about the family. Therapists create genograms by asking family members questions and filling in the genogram with detailed information about the family. This process is an effective tool for therapeutic interventions and to help family members communicate better.

Explaining the Genogram

• A therapist starts the process of creating a genogram by asking the family if they know what a genogram is and what the process of creating one entails. The therapist can then explain what the creation of the genogram involves and its purpose, and answer any questions the family has. The therapist may also ask the family if they would like to participate in drawing the genogram. Some clients need assistance in drawing, for instance those who are elderly, disabled or infirm.

Basic Information

• The therapist asks the family to give basic information about themselves and their family. Basic information includes names, ages, genders, dates of birth (and dates of death when applicable) and relationships. Genograms are drawn with symbols that operate as shorthand for this information and organize it into an easy-to-reference map. Because symbols are also used to represent marriage, divorce, adoption and birth order, the therapist asks about these details as well.

Detailed Information

• Once a basic map of the family is laid out, the therapist asks for more detailed information. These questions depend on the setting in which the genogram is being made, but often include information about health, mental health and the dynamics of relationships between family members. This information helps family members to see patterns across and between generations. Symbols also indicate relationship dynamics; for example, a jagged line indicates a strained or difficult relationship, and a straight line indicates that two people are close.

Interpretation

• After the basic information is drawn in, the therapist asks the family members to look for patterns. Patterns may revolve around the reason that the family sought treatment. For instance, if a family member has a drug or alcohol addiction, the family looks for patterns of addiction across generations. The therapist then may ask about other patterns that emerge, such as strained relationships, divorces, medical conditions or mental health problems. These patterns may shed light on current or past family difficulties.