How Does Panic Disorder Affect People?

Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder that causes unexpected attacks of intense and uncontrollable fear, lasting from a few minutes to a few hours. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), symptoms typically develop before the age of 25, although it can also appear in children. People with this condition say it is similar to a heart attack, making them feel like they are losing control or going crazy.

Symptoms

• People affected by panic disorder experience some or all of these symptoms during an attack: chest pain, dizziness, feeling faint, nausea, upset stomach, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating, chills, hot flashes, trembling, shaking, tingling or numbing sensations. They also experience feelings of losing control, being separated from reality, feeling afraid of dying, and feeling like they are choking.

Occurrence

• People with panic disorder experience it suddenly and without warning. There is no way to stop the panic attack, although techniques can be learned to alleviate the symptoms.

Cause

• According to the American Psychological Association (APA), genetics and going through recent life stress, such as the death of a friend, causes panic disorder.

Treatment

• Panic disorder is treated with anti-anxiety medications, antidepressants, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The medications reduce anxiety-related symptoms whereas cognitive behavioral therapy teaches people how to relax during a panic attack.

Prevention

• People affected by panic disorder should avoid alcohol. They should also avoid stimulants such as caffeine or cocaine.

Complications

• According to the Mayo Clinic, panic disorder also causes other complications such as depression, an increased risk of suicidal thoughts, the development of phobias, a fear or avoidance of social situations, substance or alcohol abuse, and financial, work, or school problems. These complications are caused by the stress and fear of having another panic attack.