What causes chatter?

Chatter is caused by a combination of factors, including:

- Tool Deflection: When a cutting tool is not rigid enough, it can deflect under the cutting forces, causing the tool to vibrate and produce chatter. This is especially common with long, slender tools or when cutting with high feed rates.

- Workpiece Vibration: If the workpiece is not securely held or is too thin or flexible, it can vibrate under the cutting forces. This can also lead to chatter.

- Machine Tool Vibration: If the machine tool itself is not rigid enough or is not properly dampened, it can vibrate, which can cause the cutting tool and workpiece to vibrate and create chatter.

- Cutting Conditions: Chatter can also be caused by using incorrect cutting conditions, such as too high of a feed rate or too low of a cutting speed.

- Tool Wear and Chip Formation: Dull tools or tools with built-up edges can cause chatter as the tool rubs against the workpiece instead of cutting it cleanly. Additionally, the type of chips being produced (e.g. continuous, segmented, or discontinuous) can affect the likelihood of chatter.