what is a torsional stress?

Torsional stress is a twisting force applied to an object, causing it to rotate about its axis. It is a type of mechanical stress that is measured in units of force per unit area, such as pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi).

Torsional stress can occur when an object is twisted, bent, or subjected to a twisting moment. It is commonly found in rotating machinery, such as shafts, gears, and turbines, where it can lead to fatigue failure if not properly managed.

The formula for calculating torsional stress is:

```

τ = T/J * r

```

where:

* τ is the torsional stress in Pa or psi

* T is the applied torque in N-m or lb-in

* J is the polar moment of inertia of the object in m^4 or in^4

* r is the distance from the axis of rotation to the point where the stress is calculated in m or in

To minimize torsional stress in engineering applications, designers employ various techniques such as increasing the cross-sectional area of the object, using materials with higher shear strength, and reducing the applied torque or bending moments.