Ramp Requirements for the American Disabilities Act

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 ensures accessibility for individuals with disabilities to public places. Wheelchair ramps are required as part of the ADA in facilities where elevators or wheelchair lifts are not available. There are specific guidelines or specs for building wheelchair ramps, according to the ADA.

Slope and Rise

• The maximum slope of a ramp in new construction is required to be 1:12, and the maximum rise for any run is required to be 30 inches.

Width

• The minimum width of any wheelchair ramp is specified at 36 inches. This is the same minimum width required for doorways.

Landings

• Level landings are required at the tops and bottoms of ramps. The landing must be at least as wide as the ramp leading to it. If landings change direction, the minimum landing size is 60 x 60 inches.

Handrails

• For adults, handrails should be set at 28 inches. In buildings where children are primary occupants, such as schools, a second set of handrails is required at a height appropriate to children. Handrails must be attached at both sides of the ramp.

Cross Slope and Surfaces

• The cross slope of ramp surfaces is required to be no more than 1:50 and must comply with the ADA requirement for ground and floor surface. This requirement states that all floor surfaces must be stable, firm and slip resistant. Wheelchair ramps that are outdoors must have slip-resistant surfaces. Outdoor ramps must be kept free of snow and ice at all times.

Ramp Edge Protection

• Ramps and landings with drop offs are required to have curbs, walls and railings to protect individuals from falling off the ramp. Curbs must be a minimum of two inches high.