How does CPR keep someone alive?
CPR keeps someone alive by providing oxygenated blood to the brain and vital organs when the person's heart has stopped beating. Here are the two critical steps of CPR - chest compressions and rescue breaths - explained in detail:
1. Chest Compressions:
- Chest compressions help to circulate oxygenated blood throughout the body by creating artificial pumps.
- Start by positioning the person on a firm, flat surface, like the ground or a firm mattress.
- Kneel beside the person and place the heel of one hand in the center of their chest, between the nipples.
- Place your other hand on top of the first, interlocking your fingers and keeping your arms straight.
- Position your shoulders directly over your hands, and use your upper body to forcefully push down, compressing the chest approximately 3.8-5 cm (1.5-2 inches) deep.
- Aim for a rate of about 100 to 120 compressions per minute. Compress the chest continuously without lifting your hands off the chest between pumps.
2. Rescue Breaths:
- Rescue breaths provide the body with oxygen when spontaneous breathing has ceased.
- Pinch the person's nose shut to prevent air from escaping, and cover their mouth completely with your mouth to create an airtight seal.
- Deliver two breaths, ensuring that their chest rises and falls with each breath.
- Each rescue breath should last about 1 second.
3. Cycle of Compressions and Breaths:
- The ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths during CPR is typically 30:2.
- Perform 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths.
- Continue cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until the person shows signs of life (e.g., starts breathing, moves), defibrillation is ready, advanced medical help arrives, or you are too exhausted to continue.
It's important to learn and practice proper CPR techniques to be able to respond effectively in emergency situations where a person's heart has stopped beating. Your actions during CPR can dramatically improve the chances of successful resuscitation and prevent lasting damage caused by a lack of oxygen to vital organs.