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Why Are Detergents Phosphate-Free Now?

Phosphorus is a basic element for plants and animals and considered an important plant nutrient. Phosphates are only toxic to humans and animals when present in high concentrations. Phosphates can wash from farms into waterways and can become problematic. Digestive problems can be caused by high amounts of phosphates. High levels can cause algae blooms and deprive fish of oxygen.

  1. Legal Timeline

    • Phosphates were removed from laundry detergents in the 1990's voluntarily. In July 2010, laws changed in 16 US states to set the limit for phosphates in dishwasher detergents to no higher than .5 percent. Previous limits were at 8.7 percent. Following this legislative measure, the members of the American Cleaning Institute, formerly known as the

      Soap and Detergent Association, agreed to across the board lowering of phosphates to .5 except in commercial dishwasher detergents.

    Impact on Waterways

    • Phosphates have a negative impact on waterways such as turning water cloudy or murky, creating a stench, and making water not suitable for swimming. When phosphates cause algae to grow more quickly, a process called eutrophication is accelerated. Eutrophication is when fresh water lakes or rivers fill with dead algae and organic matter and eventually the body of water dries up.

    Human Impact

    • Besides the impact of risk on waterways, phosphates also can affect the taste of drinking water. Water treatment plants spend less time and money on processing if phosphate levels are lower. Additionally some anecdotal evidence indicates that lower phosphates in cleaners means fewer health related issues such as rashes, sore throats and respiratory symptoms.

    The Science of Cleaning and Phosphates

    • Phosphates in cleaning products work by suspending particles and allowing the product to suds up. They remove dirt and reduce soap scum. Products with lower phosphate levels have a less than stellar review from consumers who report finding dishes cloudy, covered with film and getting much less clean in the dishwasher than with previous formulas which allowed higher phosphate levels.

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