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Facts About Hg

Hg is the periodic table symbol for the substance better known as mercury. Mercury is a dense liquid metal at room temperature that can be ingested, inhaled or absorbed through skin, according to Chemicool. The element, also known as quicksilver, has been studied for centuries and used for a variety of purposes, according to Mercury in Schools. The element is not easily broken down.

  1. Early History

    • According to Dartmouth Toxic Metals Superfund Research Program, mercury was known in a diverse array of ancient cultures, including the Greeks and Hindus. The element's Greek name is hydrargyrum. It was found in old cinnabar deposits in Spain, Peru and France. Alchemists from Europe considered it an important and valuable element that could possibly create gold when mixed with the right metals.

    Physical Properties

    • Mercury is one of the few metals that is liquid at or near room temperature. Similar liquid metals with this property are gallium and cesium. Liquid mercury can be split into small balls due to its high surface tension, according to Chemicool. It tarnishes and turns a grayish color when exposed to moist air. The element is commonly combined with other metals, such as gold, to form other metals called amalgam metals.

    Effects

    • Mercury has many harmful effects on animals and the environment. When absorbed into skin, it can poison humans and animals. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, mercury-free fillings are now more commonly used, especially for people who are pregnant or about to become pregnant. Mercury thermometers are being phased out due to the difficulty of cleaning broken thermometers that expose people to mercury. It can pollute animals, humans, land and natural bodies of water, according to Mercury in Schools. Mercury poisoning symptoms include peripheral vision impairment and weak muscle tone.

    Uses

    • Mercury is used in barometers and thermometers. According to Chemicool, it is also used in mercury vapor lamps, which are commonly used in street lighting. It is also used in dental filings and was used in some vaccines, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council. Mercury is also found in thermostats, coal-firing plants and used to be an ingredient in herbicides and ointments, according to Mercury in Schools.

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