The Effect of Water PH on Rates of Erosion in Carbon Steel
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Carbon Steel
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Globally, around 85 percent of annual steel production consists of carbon steel. As an engineering material it is used extensively in construction projects ranging from pipelines, fossil and nuclear fuel plants, mining equipment and transportation. In spite of such heavy industrial reliance on carbon steel, it is quite susceptible to erosion, also referred to as corrosion. The economic consequences of widespread erosion of carbon steel warrants investment into its reduction.
pH
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The pH meter ranges from 1 to 14, with 1 being the most acidic, 14 being most alkaline, and 7 being neutral. In solutions, acidic environments are more positively charged, as they contain positively charged hydrogen ions. Alkaline solutions however, are more negatively charged. In chemistry, solutions of this nature are called electrolytes.
Example of Erosion
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In solutions where several hydrogen ions are present, carbon steel loses electrons and becomes oxidized. The now positively charged carbon steel reacts with water molecules to form the unstable ferrous hydroxide on its surface, which then reacts continuously with other water molecules to eventually form ferric oxide, otherwise known as rust.
Rate of Erosion
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At 6.5 to neutral pH, erosion rates for carbon steel are significantly close to 10 mils per year (1 mil = 1 thousandth of an inch). The rate decreases gradually as pH levels rise, and falls from 8 mils per year to near zero between pH 8.5 and 9.5. This is because carbon steel is also alkaline, and favors alkaline conditions.
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