Roots That Reduce Sand Erosion

Sand found in coastal and semi-arid areas is usually mobile and susceptible to wind and water erosion. Sand is home to various vegetation types including trees, bushes and plants. Sand vegetation reduces erosion by acting as windbreakers and trapping sand particles. They also have special roots that bind sand together and help maintain stability.

Deep Roots

• Most sand plants have deep root systems that are much longer than the plant itself. For example, the sea oat plant is only six inches long but has roots that extend to over five feet. Deep roots not only limit sand erosion, but allow plants to withstand harsh weather conditions such as drought, heavy winds or cold extremities.

Branch Roots

• Some sand plants have branching root systems that cover large areas. For example the Caragana or Siberian pea shrub has extensively branched roots, which help protect against water and wind erosion, particularly on hillsides. It is native to Siberia and Russia, and replanted across northern United States and Canada to prevent soil erosion. Its root properties also make it useful in land reclamation.

Fast Growing Roots

• Some sand plants are adapted to grow through sand and produce more roots as sand deposits increase. Roots also grow quickly to replace plants lost to waves or grazing. For example, beach grass increases its growth rate as more sand is gathered. Beach grass is sometimes transplanted but usually replenishes roots on its own and requires no external maintenance.

Damage to Roots

• Roots from sand plants are damaged by various factors including overgrazing, intolerable climatic conditions such as storms, and human activity such as vehicle tires or direct uprooting. All of these contribute to increasing the vulnerability of sand to erosion. If possible, sand vegetation should be protected from human and animal interference, including fencing off areas if feasible.