What Are the Gases That Affect the Ozone Layer?

Human activity has had a profound effect on the environment. Certain gases emitted by industry and agriculture have caused considerable damage to the ozone layer. Although steps are being taken to reverse this damage, it does not hurt to learn as much as possible. Knowing how the ozone is affected is important for anyone who wishes to reduce his impact on the planet.

The Ozone Layer

• The ozone layer is naturally occurring blanket of gas in the atmosphere. This thin atmospheric shield is critical for protecting all life on earth from the sun's harmful radiation. Unfortunately, human pollution has released chemicals into the air that deplete the ozone layer. In response, measures are being taken to try to control the release of these pollutants. Many industries and countries have come to agreements about reducing or changing emissions.

Industrial Gases

• Many materials produced for industrial and consumer use deplete the ozone layer. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are the main culprit. These substances are found in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Within these gases are chlorine, which is responsible for directly damaging the ozone layer. After hitting the atmosphere, the pollutants are broken down, resulting in ozone depletion. Halons are also notorious for damaging the ozone layer. Halons are found in products such as fire extinguishers. Countries that signed the Montreal Protocol have agreed to phase out production of CFCs, HCFCs, halons and other ozone-depleting chemicals.

Agriculture and Industry

• Agricultural production also has a role in damaging the ozone layer. Methyl bromide, a common agricultural fumigant that is also rich in bromine, plays a major part in ozone destruction. Like chlorine atoms, bromine atoms are broken down in the atmosphere, resulting in ozone depletion. Nitrous oxide, a byproduct of agricultural and industrial processes, is the most significant ozone-depleting chemical resulting from human activities.

Impact

• The ozone is critical for the planet's stability, so it is no surprise that ozone-depleting gases have had a profound effect on the environment. Since a weakened ozone reduces protection against the sun's radiation, human health has been affected. There has been an increased incidence of problems such as skin cancer, cataracts and skin aging. Agriculture also suffers, since crops like wheat, rice, barley, oats and corn are sensitive to the sun's ultraviolet rays. As a result, these plants are not growing as efficiently. Marine life is also impacted by a decreased ozone. Plankton, tiny organisms that float on the ocean's surface, are easily damaged by UV rays. These creatures are the backbone of the aquatic food chain. In turn, the food chain disruption impacts the diversity of fish species, resulting in poor fishing yields that can harm the industry.