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Oxalic Acid Dangers

Oxalic acid is toxic and dangerous if not handled properly. Common household products, including rustproofing solutions and bleaches, contain oxalic acid. The acid is even found in the leaves of rhubarb plants. Follow all instructions and precautions when dealing with oxalic acid, and seek medical treatment immediately if signs of poisoning or damage appear.

  1. Breathing or Swallowing

    • Breathing in oxalic acid or fumes results in burns to the lining of the nose, the throat and possibly the entire pathway from the nose and mouth to the lungs. Minimal inhalation may produce intense irritation, including swelling and redness.

      Oxalic acid is poisonous, with an ingested dose of 5-15 grams commonly proving fatal. Gastroenteritis and burns in the mouth and oral tissue linings may occur, along with vomiting and convulsions. The byproduct of the acid's removal of blood calcium may harm the kidneys.

    Skin and Eye Contact

    • Skin contact results in burns, redness and possible blistering. Permanent scarring is possible. Some of the acid may pass into the bloodstream, posing a threat to the kidneys. Damage from eye contact varies, depending on the amount, concentration and duration of contact, from burning and irritation to permanent eye damage.

    Long Term Exposure and Existing Conditions

    • Long-term exposure to oxalic acid carries its own set of dangers, including kidney problems, ulceration of the skin, skin rashes, other skin conditions and a bluish-purple discoloration of the fingers from lack of oxygen.

      A person with a preexisting condition related to the dangers of oxalic acid, such as kidney or skin problems, is more likely to suffer damage from handling the substance.

    Prevention/Solution

    • A person handling pure oxalic acid should wear lab gloves, protective clothing and goggles. Gloves and goggles alone may be sufficient for handling commercial products containing the acid. Proper ventilation is needed to avoid accidental inhalation in both cases.

      Move a person who has inhaled oxalic acid to an area with fresh air immediately. Give CPR if he is not breathing. Do not make the person vomit if the acid was ingested. A person who drinks oxalic acid must drink large amounts of milk or saturated calcium hydroxide solution, referred to as "limewater," to neutralize the acid. Wash skin and eyes for at 15 minutes or longer after contact, and change soiled clothing. Contact a physician -- or emergency services, if needed -- for further treatment.

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