Pollutants & Harmful Effects

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, pollutants "can harm your health and the environment, and cause property damage." Pollutants are chemicals and particles that adversely affect the air, water and other components of an environment. Most pollutants are distributed through the air and cause damage once in contact with people and property.

Ozone

• Ozone is a gas-based pollutant that is composed of three oxygen atoms. It is created by a chemical reaction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds while in sunlight. Depending on its level in the atmosphere, ozone can be good or bad. Ozone is a pollutant when it appears at ground level, and is the primary constituent of smog. Emissions such as motor vehicle exhaust, gasoline vapors and chemical solvents cause the ozone to form. Because sunlight and hot weather are a catalyst for ozone, summer months usually bring higher levels of bad ozone.

Carbon Monoxide

• Carbon monoxide is a pollutant that is both colorless and odorless. Emitted during the combustion process, it commonly comes from mobile sources inside of buildings, homes and other urban areas. Breathing carbon monoxide can reduce the amount of oxygen that is delivered to the brain, lungs and other organs. High concentrations of carbon monoxide can even lead to death.

Particulate Matter

• Particulate matter is a pollutant mix of liquid droplets and small particles such as metals, organic chemicals, acid, soil or dust particles. These particles have the ability to be inhaled by humans or animals through the nose or mouth, and enter the lungs. Once within the body, particulate matter can cause increased stress on respiratory systems, decreased lung function, aggravated asthma or nonfatal heart attacks. People with previous heart or lung illnesses may face a premature death upon prolonged inhalation of particulate matter.

Lead

• Lead is a metal that is commonly found in the environment and manufactured goods. Emissions of lead are usually from ore and metal processing plants, or aviation that emits leaded gasoline smoke. Additionally, lead can be found in drinking water and lead-contaminated food. Once in the body, the lead travels through the blood and accumulates in the bones. Neurological imbalances, learning deficits and behavioral problems are common effects of lead exposure in children. Adults are susceptible to cardiovascular effects such as high blood pressure and heart disease due to lead exposure.