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Hazards of Kerosene Heaters

Kerosene heaters use kerosene as a fuel. Two types of those in operation include convective and radiant. Convective heaters are circular in shape and circulate warm air upward and outward in all directions. In contrast, radiant heaters, rectangular in shape, have a reflector that directs heat toward people or objects. These appliances present a number of dangers to the health and safety of people. In fact, they are illegal in some areas. Following the manufacturer's instructions and handling the kerosene with care can reduce the risks involved in using these heaters.

  1. Fire

    • Kerosene is a highly flammable liquid. The greatest danger from this type of heater is fire or explosion. A fire can result from a variety of causes. People can accidentally ignite the fuel when filling the tank or knock over a lighted heater. Placing the heater too close to draperies or furniture can result in a fire. Using gasoline instead of kerosene in the heater, improperly storing excess kerosene or carelessness when refueling the heater can result in fire or explosion.

    Indoor Air Pollution

    • The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, identifies kerosene heaters as a major source of indoor air pollution. These appliances emit carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide into the air. These pollutants can lead to serious health problems in people. Exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide causes symptoms such as fatigue in healthy people and chest pain in people with heart disease, according to the EPA. Symptoms such as dizziness, impaired vision, nausea, headaches and confusion occur at higher concentrations. Very high concentrations result in death. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is difficult to detect. The EPA recommends people make sure that their kerosene heaters have adequate ventilation. In addition, you can place a carbon monoxide detector in rooms where a kerosene heater is operating to provide warning if levels rise.

    Burns

    • Direct contact with a kerosene heater can cause severe burns. The surfaces of these appliances can a reach temperatures as high as 500 degrees Fahrenheit, according to David E. Baker of the University of Missouri Extension. Children and pets are especially vulnerable to this type of injury, so you should keep them away from the heater when it is in operation.

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