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The Effects of Benzene Exposure

Benzene is an aromatic (cyclical structure), organic chemical compound. Six carbon and six hydrogen atoms comprise the molecule (C6H6). Benzene is a highly flammable liquid that is colorless and has a sweet odor. Because of benzene's cyclical structure, with its rotating double bonds, the compound is highly reactive and is used as an intermediate to produce other chemicals. Benzene is also toxic and a known carcinogen.

  1. Harmful Effects of Benzene

    • Benzene is harmful to humans.

      Exposure to benzene is harmful to humans. Benzene disrupts normal cell activities, causing them to malfunction. The compound can damage the red blood cells that can cause anemia or harm the bone marrow. Benzene has been known to damage the immune system by altering antibody levels and destroying white blood cells that are critical to immune system health. The degree of damage from benzene exposure depends on the concentration, route of ingestion or inhalation and duration of the exposure.

    Short-Term Effects

    • Short-term exposure can lead to confusion and fatigue.

      Benzene exposure for short periods of time can cause humans to develop symptoms in a few minutes up to several hours. The extent of health effects depends on many factors, such as the person's age, general health and how much benzene enters their body. Immediate symptoms include mental confusion, rapid pulse rates and fatigue. Continued short-term exposure could lead to a loss of consciousness, damage to the nervous system and the immune system. If the concentration of benzene is high enough, exposure could lead to death.

    Long-Term Effects

    • Long-term exposure to benzene can lead to cancer.

      If you are exposed to benzene over a long period of time, the effects can be much more serious. Long-term exposure is defined as consistent exposure longer than a year. Benzene affects the immune system, rendering you more susceptible to infection and disease. Exposure to benzene vapors can cause leukemia and cancer in the blood-forming organs and bone marrow. It can cause excessive internal bleeding and has been linked to irregular menstrual cycles in women. Long-term exposure to benzene has also been linked to fetus development problems in pregnant women and fertility problems in men.

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