Environmental Problems in Schools

The United States Government Accounting Office reported in 1995 that school children in this country are at high risk of being exposed to numerous environmental conditions that can threaten their general health and learning. Such environmental hazards as poor ventilation, leaky roofs, and outdated heating and air conditioning systems endanger the overall health and well-being of thousands of children in public schools across America. Many districts are working to identify and fix environmental problems in their schools.

Asbestos

• In 1986 the Asbestos Hazard Response Act became law. This law requires that all schools must inspect for any building materials that might contain asbestos. It also requires that a management plan be in place to prevent or reduce asbestos hazards. Asbestos fibers are added to many building products to strengthen them, make them more heat resistant, and for insulation purposes. Most people are exposed to small amounts of asbestos in their everyday lives with no harmful side effects, but if asbestos material is disturbed, fibers can be released which can be inhaled, causing the risk of lung disease. Children are especially susceptible to disease from asbestos inhalation. School officials are trained to inspect and recognize asbestos hazards and to call on accredited workers to remove and dispose of any asbestos materials.

Radon

• The National School Radon Survey estimates that approximately 19.3% of all schools have an unhealthy level of radon in at least a part of the building. Radon gas enters the lower levels of buildings by seeping into the soil under a building and then being sucked through air ducts, doors, and windows. This harmful gas decays into radioactive minute particles that can become trapped in the lungs. In February 1999, the Environmental Protection Agency began recommending radon testing in all school buildings.

Mold

• Mold needs moisture to grow and it flourishes in damp areas with high humidity. Leaky roofs, pipes, foundations, and windows are potential breeding grounds for mold. It requires oxygen, water, and a food source which can be anything like paper, carpet, or insulation. In order to control mold, moisture must be eliminated and relative humidity must be kept at 30% to 50%. Mold aggravates allergies and respiratory problems in sensitive individuals and can cause eye irritations, nasal problems, and lung problems in anyone. Even dead mold can contribute to health problems in some.

Pesticides

• Pesticides are used to control, destroy, or repel insects, rodents, and other pests. There is currently no law to regulate their use in schools; however some states do limit their use. Some require that only commercial applicators be permitted to use pesticides and that they must identify the type used and the amount. Data on short- and long-term effects of pesticides is not readily available. Many schools are working with the EPA to establish specific guidelines. A number of states have taken action in the last few years to limit the use of pesticides in schools by employing alternative methods. Some of these methods include repairs to prevent pests from entering buildings, traps, improving sanitation practices, and using only non-toxic forms of chemical pesticides.