What Is the Basis for Listing Ammonia as a Hazardous Waste?

Ammonia is a molecular compound with the chemical formula NH3. According to the Tanner Industries MSDS, industry-grade ammonia qualifies as a hazardous waste, according to the criteria specified by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.

Regulation

• The EPA regulates industrial releases of ammonia in wastewater and air; discharges or spills of 100 pounds or more must be reported to the authorities.

  Household ammonia is not regulated in the same fashion, nor do the same restrictions apply.

Hazard Classification

• Substances are classified as hazardous waste based on their reactivity, their flammability, their corrosivity, and their toxicity to humans or the environment.

  Ammonia is corrosive and extremely toxic to aquatic organisms. According to the W.D. Service Company MSDS, ammonia qualifies as a hazardous waste primarily because of its corrosivity; the danger it poses to the environment is another key factor.

  Gaseous ammonia is also toxic to humans at high concentrations.

Environmental Effects

• Ammonia is highly toxic to fish and many other water-dwelling organisms; releasing ammonia into streams, rivers or ponds can damage or destroy aquatic ecosystems.

Household Ammonia Solutions

• Regulations on the disposal of household ammonia solutions and ammonia-based cleaning products vary in different states and localities.

  Typically, it's acceptable to dilute household cleaners that contain ammonia and pour them down the drain. Some city or county authorities may have other regulations, however. For example, Clark County, Washington states on its website that "ammonia products should be disposed of as hazardous waste" at county-sponsored disposal sites.

  Since regulations vary by state and region, it's best to consult local authorities for more details.