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Health Effects From Soil Pollution

Soil pollution occurs in all areas and results from years of contaminants accumulating in the soil. Often the sources of soil pollution are unknown, as much of the pollution is from materials that were used years ago. Homes are built on old farmland where garbage and other pollution sources may have been removed, leaving no visible trace of the contamination. A number of health problems can arise from soil contamination. The contaminants can enter the body through contact with the soil, as well as through foods grown in polluted areas. Chemical testing may be the only way to determine the level of soil pollution in an area.

  1. Heavy Metals

    • Heavy metals create the most severe pollution problem for soils. Metals such as mercury and lead are deposited on the soil and become a permanent part of the soil composition. Mercury and lead are too heavy to be blown away. They will not dissipate over time and will not degrade chemically. Common sources of mercury and lead are paint, gasoline and industrial waste. Children are at greatest risk when exposed to heavy metals. These metals affect neurological development and cause brain damage, kidney damage and liver toxicity. Headaches, skin irritation, fatigue and upset stomach are common health conditions that may develop.

    Agricultural Chemicals

    • Chemicals are continuously being added to the soil in the form of pesticides and fertilizers. Although much more common in agricultural areas, these pollutants can spread from farms to surrounding areas. These products create a number of health problems, including cancer and infertility. Foods grown in contaminated soils are much poorer quality; long-term consumption of these crops may have lasting health effects due to the lack of vitamins and minerals usually found in the plants.

    Other Contaminants

    • Other sources of contaminants include acid rain, which brings chemicals into the soil. Garbage dumped into soil leaches toxins that remain in the soil long after the garbage is removed. Conditions such as respiratory diseases, birth defects, nervous system disorders and kidney disease can result from the various contaminants that may be found in soil.

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