The Impact of Inorganic Fertilizers

Fertilizers are products that are used to improve the strength and growth rate of plants. The three primary ingredients are nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K). Nitrogen is used to improve the growth of the foliage (leafy portions) of plants. Phosphorous improves blooms and root strength. Potassium aides in the overall health of the plant. Inorganic fertilizers are those that are created synthetically (by man), whereas the organic-based fertilizers are made from items produced by nature.

Lawns

• Inorganic fertilizers are applied in great quantities by homeowners and certain businesses. Many homeowners use them on their lawns. Businesses that desire a well-manicured appearance also utilize the help of lawn services. These services apply fertilizer during the early spring and in the late fall and sometimes in between. If the fertilizer is not applied correctly it can lead to grass "burns" or areas of large brown patches.

  It is also believed that the frequent use of inorganic lawn fertilizers can lead to weakened grass structure and a decrease in beneficial microorganisms. This in turn can lead to grass that becomes more susceptible to infestations and that is less able to survive long-term adverse conditions such as overly wet or dry growing seasons.

  The timing of application is important. If certain fertilizers are applied just before a hard rain, the fertilizer run-off can contaminate other areas. If there is no rain, the fertilizer might not be readily absorbed by the lawn and may remain on the surface, affecting anyone walking across the grass.

Environmental Impact

• The environment is negatively affected when fossil fuels are burned during the production of inorganic fertilizers. Fossil fuels are made from natural resources--primarily petroleum--that can take millions of years for nature to recreate. As they burn they release substances that contribute to acid rain and the greenhouse effect.

  Inorganic fertilizer run-off in waterways can lead to damage and destruction of plant and animal life. This in turn affects the people who rely on healthy waterways for their livelihood.

Health Impacts

• If you've ever seen the signs on people's lawns advertising the fact that fertilizers have been applied, you might have wondered why. Unfortunately, young children, pets, and backyard wildlife are susceptible to poisoning if inorganic fertilizer is absorbed through the skin or ingested. These fertilizers also seep into the groundwater and drinking water.

  As fossil fuels are burned to make these fertilizers, air pollution is created. This leads to health issues such as emphysema and cancer. Handlers of large quantities of fertilizer such as farmers and field workers also face health risks; inhaling the powder that is mixed with water or the mist as it is applied to the fields and orchards can cause illness. This is exacerbated when the fertilizers are combined with herbicides and pesticides, negatively impacting the thyroid, immune systems, and nervous system.