What is a STEMI?

A STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) refers to a type of heart attack (myocardial infarction) in which there is complete blockage of a major coronary artery, leading to an elevation of the ST segment (a portion of the electrocardiogram [ECG]) in specific leads.

- ST: refers to the ST segment on an electrocardiogram (ECG), which represents the time between the end of the QRS complex (when the heart's ventricles contract) and the beginning of the T wave (related to ventricular repolarization).

- Elevation: Indicates that the ST segment is elevated above its normal position.

- Myocardial: Pertains to the muscle of the heart (myocardium).

- Infarction: Refers to tissue death due to a lack of blood supply, in this case affecting the heart muscle.

When a coronary artery is blocked, blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium) is severely reduced or completely cut off. This deprivation of oxygen and nutrients damages the heart tissue, leading to cell death and a heart attack.

In a STEMI, the ECG shows a characteristic pattern with an elevation of the ST segment in specific leads. This elevation indicates the presence of an acute and complete blockage of a coronary artery, and it's considered a medical emergency.

STEMIs are usually associated with severe coronary artery disease and can have life-threatening consequences. Prompt medical intervention is crucial to restore blood flow to the affected area and minimize damage to the heart muscle. Treatment options may include procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent placement or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.