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What Are NaOH Crystals and Where Are They Found?

If you've watched the movie "Fight Club" and seen Tyler Durden give Jack a chemical burn on the back of his hand, you've seen NaOH crystals in action. These crystals are the solid form of sodium hydroxide, a highly corrosive base used in a wide variety of applications, from oil refinement to food preparation.

  1. Chemical Properties

    • NaOH is the chemical formula for the sodium hydroxide molecule; it contains one atom each of sodium, oxygen and hydrogen. Also known as lye or caustic soda, NaOH is a strong base and will eat away at just about anything, from metal to skin. Pure NaOH can be diluted with water and its corrosive properties are neutralized if mixed with a strong acid, such as hydrocloric acid. NaOH is stable in its crystal form, but may pull water and carbon dioxide from the air to form sodium carbonate if left exposed. NaOH may react violently with certain metals, acids and sugars.

    Sources and Uses

    • In the home, NaOH is found in most cleaning products -- it's a common ingredient in soaps and other cleansers. It may also be found in hair dye, aquarium products and metal polishes. In industry, it is used to strip the peels of fruits and vegetables; it is also used in cleaning processes and in various chemical reactions. You can find lye for home use in soap and candle making and for certain food applications at many grocery and craft stores as well as online, and it may be helpful to look for "lye" rather than "sodium hydroxide." Look for food-grade crystals, flakes or beads.

    Proper Handling

    • While most NaOH designed for home use is relatively dilute, it can still cause damage to your skin, eyes and lungs. Be sure to work in a well-ventilated area. Wear gloves when handling crystals. Clean up any spills immediately, using a bit of white vinegar to neutralize the base. Keep away from children and pets.

    First Aid

    • If you come in direct contact with NaOH by touching it or inhaling it, call your local poison control center or 911. Symptoms of exposure include a burning sensation, bleeding, difficulty breathing if inhaled, and vomiting if swallowed. If possible, flush the area with lots of water for at least 15 minutes. People who swallow NaOH may benefit from drinking water or milk, but do not force drinking if the person is vomiting, coughing or otherwise having trouble swallowing. Always follow the advice of a medical professional.

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