What are the assessment principles of first aid?

1. Check the scene for safety.

Before you provide first aid, make sure the scene is safe for both yourself and the victim. This means checking for hazards such as traffic, downed power lines, or fire. If the scene is not safe, call 911 and wait for help to arrive.

2. Check the victim for responsiveness.

Once the scene is safe, check the victim for responsiveness. This can be done by shaking and shouting their name. If the victim is unresponsive, call 911 immediately.

3. Start CPR if the victim is not breathing.

If the victim is not breathing, start CPR immediately. CPR is a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths that can help to keep the victim's blood flowing and oxygenated until emergency help arrives.

4. Control any bleeding.

If the victim is bleeding, apply direct pressure to the wound. This can be done with a clean cloth, bandage, or your hand. If the bleeding is severe, elevate the injured area above the heart.

5. Treat any other injuries.

After the victim is breathing and the bleeding is controlled, treat any other injuries. This may include splinting broken bones, dressing wounds, or administering medication.

6. Monitor the victim's vital signs.

Check the victim's pulse and respiration every 2-3 minutes to ensure these are maintained. If breathing stops again or the pulse is very weak, start CPR immediately.

7. Stay with the victim until emergency help arrives.

Remain with the victim throughout your first aid assessment and until emergency help arrives. This will provide reassurance and help to keep the victim calm.

8. Communicate effectively with the emergency services.

Explain the situation, condition, and any first aid provided. Ensure regular updates for medical teams if the situation changes.