First Aid for Head Injuries

Most head injuries are minor and do not require a trip to the hospital, but it can be a very serious injury requiring immediate medical attention in some cases. Knowing how to properly administer first aid for a head injury is important in minimizing the risk.

Serious Symptoms

• Head injuries should be considered an emergency if the person is experiencing severe bleeding or any bleeding from the nose or ears, a severe headache, confusion, loss of consciousness, vomiting, seizures, slurred speech, or if breathing stops.

9-1-1

• If an injury is determined to be an emergency situation, a call should immediately be made to 9-1-1 services. The caller should know the exact address or location of the injured person and be able to summarize the injury quickly.

Immobilization

• The injured person should be kept stationary and placed in a position that does not allow them to move any more than necessary, in order to prevent further damage.

Bleeding

• Firm pressure should be applied to a wound to slow or stop bleeding. Pressure should not be applied if there is a likelihood of skull fracture. Call 9-1-1 immediately if a fracture is suspected, and wait for paramedics to take action. An indentation may or may not be visible if there is a fracture, but bleeding from the eyes or ears may indicate one.

Behavioral Changes

• The person administering first aid should watch the injured person for changes in behavior or condition. Signs of shock such as confusion, shivering or lack of coordination should be considered an emergency situation. If a person shows signs of shock, keep them warm and comfortable until help arrives.