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Safety of Nonstick Pans

Nonstick cookware is common and convenient. Most nonstick cookware uses PTFE or fluoropolymer formulations, which are compounds applied to metal pans and pots. Bakeware usually uses silicon-based nonstick coatings. These coatings do not easily bond with other substances and create a slick cooking surface. There is evidence that when heated to very high temperatures, some nonstick coatings release a chemical that causes flu-like symptoms in people and can be fatal for birds.

  1. Identification

    • Nonstick coatings are applied to cookware to prevent sticking and allow cooks to use less oil or fat in preparation. According to the Cookware Manufacturers Association, nonstick cookware is the most common type purchased. Because this cookware is useful low-fat preparations, it has been sold as a safe cooking alternative for those seeking to reduce fat in their diets.

    Types

    • There are two types of nonstick cookware. Silicon cookware is used for baking and is not considered safe for cooking methods where the surface comes into direct contact with the heating element. PTFE formulations, which include the Dupont trademarked product Teflon, are applied to pots and pans used on the stove top.

    Warnings

    • Evidence suggests that nonstick cookware can release harmful fumes when heated at a very high temperature. PTFE nonstick coatings contain a chemical called perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which appears to cause fumes that can make people sick and kill pet birds if they are near an enclosed kitchen area. This only occurs when the pan is heated to a temperature higher than 550 degrees.

    Expert Insight

    • Dupont notes that neither the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or Environmental Protection Agency have issued warnings stating that Teflon is unsafe, and Dupont says that Teflon is safe for conventional kitchen use. The Cookware Manufactures Association notes that the FDA does not "test, certify or otherwise approve any coatings applied to noncommercial housewares products." It recommends that consumers be cautious about any nonstick cookware product that claims to be "FDA Approved." The Cookware Manufacturers Association also says that pet birds should be kept away from kitchens, especially when hot nonstick cookware is being used. Eating Well recommends avoiding the use of nonstick cookware at temperatures above 550 degrees.

    Prevention/Solution

    • Most nonstick cookware comes with information on how to use it and proper temperatures for safe use. Follow these recommendations. Also, follow instructions on cleaning and utensil use to avoid damaging the nonstick surface. If the surface gets scratched or begins to flake, it will lose its nonstick quality and the material could end up in food. When this happens, the pan is no longer safe to use.

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