The Advantages of Statistical Coupling Analysis

Statistical coupling analysis, or SCA, describes a process used by researchers to analyze the position of amino acids in protein structures. SCA is conducted using a statistical software called MATLAB, a "high-level language and interactive environment that enables you to perform computationally intensive tasks," according to its producer, MathWorks.

Understanding Protein Structure

• The biggest advantage of statistical coupling analysis is that it can help researchers to better understand protein structure. Proteins -- an essential part of the human body -- allow muscles and hair to grow. Without proteins, fluid would freely flow in and out of cells, causing widespread swelling and cell death; and no insulin would exist to regulate glucose levels in the blood. Proteins composed of linked chains of amino acids are known either as nonessential amino acids synthesized by the body or essential amino acids contained in food.

  With more than 20 identified amino acids, the order in which they link together determines the proteins they create. SCA aims to understand how and why certain amino acids link together in some proteins, versus others. By using SCA to determine how and why certain amino acids link to each other, scientists will better understand how proteins work.

Creating New Proteins

• By creating new proteins, scientists can explore different applications in medicine, diet and other industries. In 2009, biochemists from the University of Pennsylvania created a completely new protein capable of carrying oxygen; the researchers believe it shows potential as a basis for an artificial blood compound. According to ScienceDaily, this protein could one day be used on the battlefield or in emergencies to replenish blood supplies. SCA could accelerate and advance this process.

Advancing Medicine and Research

• A third significant advantage of statistical coupling analysis is its potential use in biochemical research. A 2008 article published in the "Journal of Molecular Biology" presented research showing that SCA can be used to understand the enzymatic properties of Trichoderma reesei, a fungus that secretes enzymes that break down cellulose. Enzymes are proteins necessary for many everyday chemical reactions to take place; without them, many functions within the body and in nature would take thousands of years to occur, making life unsustainable.

  Researchers hope that by reproducing these enzymes, they can create economical bio-products like bio-ethanol and various sugars. SCA also proves useful in exploring the structure and composition of hemoglobin -- an essential component of blood. By unlocking the secrets of this biologic component, scientists may one day create a similar protein for individuals who have hemoglobin deficiencies, such as anemia.