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Health Hazards of Metal Finishing Powder Coating

Metal finishing powder that is an epoxy resin blend creates a durable, protective coating on metal products such as outdoor furniture, automotive parts, office equipment, shelving and appliances. The powder is Triglycidylisocyanurate (TGIC), which has been manufactured and sold under a variety of brand names worldwide.

  1. Skin and Eye Problems

    • Case reports by ICI Dulux Australia and also the New South Wales WorkCover Authority noted that some workers using TGIC powder coatings developed skin rashes and allergic dermatitis that eventual patch tests determined to be caused by the TGIC powders. The study also noted eye irritation and damage possible with exposure to the particulates.

    Genetic Toxicity

    • The Australian studies on animal subjects in 1991 reported that TGIC could damage genes; however, they note that this finding was based on a high oral dose of the TGIC. Another study with lower doses did not show this specific effect. The results raised concerns that TGIC could cause gene mutations, with implications as a potential carcinogen, in humans. However, the high dosage levels used on animal subjects could not be replicated in human trials.

    Major Oral and Inhalation Hazards

    • Metal finishing powder coatings are hazardous if inhaled or ingested. One Australian study of plant workers involved in metal finishing showed respiratory problems such as irritations of throat and nasal passages. Studies on rats that were exposed to high levels of ingested or inhaled product showed lung and liver damage.

    Overall Factors in Human Toxicity

    • The degree of hazard related to the use of metal finishing powder coatings depends on the amount of exposure, the specific powder being used, its toxicity and the individual's susceptibility. In addition, studies have primarily been carried out on animals, and toxin levels have typically been higher than humans would be exposed to in a properly-run workplace with environmental controls.

    Occupational Recommendations

    • Based on studies in powder coating workplaces in Australia and Japan, NICNAS (National Industrial Chemical Notification and Assessment Scheme) in Australia recommends that employees working with or near the metal finishing powders should use proper eye and skin protection as well as appropriate masks or air hoods to avoid breathing in the powder particles. Mechanizing procedures with equipment can help limit human involvement. Plants should be equipped with air exhaust systems designed to move the powder particles away from the workplace.

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