Hydrogen Gas Hazards

Under normal conditions, hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas. It is a main compound in water and in virtually all organic matter on the planet. Hydrogen has a variety of uses such as in the manufacturing of organic chemical products and as a rocket fuel. Like all chemicals, hydrogen must be handled with care and certain precautions must take place. The hazards of hydrogen are serious and could cause bodily injury.

Flammability

• Hydrogen is extremely flammable. Because the gas mixes well with air, certain chemical reactions with hydrogen can cause fire. In case of fire, hydrogen supply should be shut off immediately. Hydrogen fires may be allowed to burn out independently or with the aid of carbon dioxide or water spray.

Inhalation

• Hydrogen can be harmful to humans if inhaled. High concentration of hydrogen in an enclosed environment can cause a lack of oxygen. Individuals exposed to high concentrations of oxygen may experience dizziness, vomiting, headache and ringing in the ears. Individuals with respiratory conditions, such as asthma, may have a more severe reaction to hydrogen inhalation. In some cases death may occur from exposure to an oxygen-deficient environment.

Explosion

• Mixing hydrogen gas with air can sometimes result in an explosion. Certain metal catalysts, such as nickel and platinum, can increase the chances of an explosive reaction. Explosions can cause hydrogen to release into the air allowing for exposure and inhalation. If an explosion occurs, the hydrogen cylinder should be kept cool by spraying it with water from a safe distance.

Safety Precautions

• Hydrogen gas cylinders should be transported and stored in an upright position to avoid knocking over. Avoid exposing cylinders to direct sunlight or extreme temperatures. Fully close cylinder valves when hydrogen extraction is complete to avoid leaking and excess release of gas. Hydrogen cylinders should never be rolled or dropped --- doing so may result in explosion or gas leaking.