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Health Hazards of Public Hot Tubs

The relaxing, swirling waters of a hot tub can be so inviting. Whether you're aching from a harsh workout, trying to warm up in chilly weather or looking for a romantic spot, hot tubs - also called a whirlpool bath or whirlpool spa - can provide relief and relaxation. But there are health hazards that have been linked to public hot tubs.

  1. Hot Tub Rash

    • In a 2004 report by the Centers for Disease Control, more than half of 5,209 public hot tubs in the U.S. were found to be unsafe, with inspectors finding one or more safety violations. Although you might think the high temperature of the water in hot tubs would kill all bacteria, that's not the case. The hot water in spas depletes the disinfectants in chlorine, allowing bacteria to thrive. Pathogens also live in spa pipes and surfaces, unless routinely carefully cleaned. One of the germs that grows in these conditions is pseudomonas, which causes a condition called Hot Tub Rash. The rash appears in red, itchy bumps and blisters within a few days of being in the hot tub. It is typically worse in areas where your swimsuit held the chlorinated water tight to your body. It usually clears up after a few days without medical treatment.

    Folliculitis

    • A variation of hot tub rash, folliculitis is an infection of the hair follicles. Each hair on your body--whether on your head or elsewhere--grows out of small pouch-like area called a follicle. Although follicles can become irritated by sweat, oils or makeup, bacteria from a hot tub that does not have the proper chlorine levels can also cause folliculitis. You'll experience itching and burning as the follicles become small red pimples. The pimples may contain blood, pus or both. The condition will usually clear up on its own within two weeks. If not, you may need an antifungal cream, an antibiotic or medicated shampoo.

    Legionnaires' Disease

    • Legionnaires' disease, a type of lung infection, is contracted by breathing in vapors or water droplets that contain bacteria. The hot tub or spa environment is a ripe place to for the organisms to grow. High fever, chills and cough are common symptoms, similar to pneumonia. Though Legionnaires' is typically curable with antibiotics, it can cause death in up to 30 percent of cases, according to the CDC.

    Hot Tub Lung

    • Another type of respiratory problem that sometimes occurs after spending time in a hot tub is called "hot tub lung," because the bacteria that causes it gets into your lungs from the mist created by the hot, bubbling whirlpool water. Symptoms are marked by fever, weight loss, coughing and shortness of breath. The problem is often misdiagnosed as doctors don't think to ask patients if they' have been in a hot tub. While some patients find relief fairly soon by simply staying out of the hot tub, others require antibiotics and anti-inflammatory steroids.

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