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Health Department Water Testing

State health departments test water for specific contaminants to determine whether it is safe for people to drink, swim in or surf in. This involves the use of test kits that analyze the quantity of substances such as metal particles, bacteria and radioactive compounds. Water tests include assays that find pesticide residue, gasoline and rust in the water as well.

  1. Coliform Bacteria

    • Health departments test for coliform bacteria. These bacteria, found in the intestines of humans and animals, are potential evidence that fecal material is present in the water supply. Bacteria may also produce compounds that sicken people who drink the contaminated water. According to the State of Maine, recheck samples, which are additional tests, are required when unacceptable levels of coliform bacteria are present.

    Metals

    • Health departments check for the presence of metals. Some metals that may be present are iron, nickel, copper, arsenic and lead. Metals are often a sign that there is damage or corrosion present on nearby pipe systems. Some metals such as arsenic and lead are very toxic. Metals leave stains on sinks, bathtubs and other home appliances. According to the Minnesota Department of Health, iron residue in water can stain plates, bowls, cups and other kitchen items yellow and red.

    Petroleum

    • A volatile organic test detects petroleum compounds. This test targets propane, butane, octane, benzene, and other substances containing chains of carbon atoms. Fuel oil in the water supply can produce vapors as well as contaminate the water. This test detects gasoline, lamp oil and heating oil that are present in water. According to the Maine Health Department, an additional test, semi-volatiles, detects heavier petroleum compounds that do not form vapor as easily at room temperature.

    Pesticides and Herbicides

    • The health department also checks for the presence of pesticides. Pesticides, which kill crop pests, can be very toxic to humans and other animals and may travel into the water supply. Tests for several types of pesticides, such as the carbamates, are available, according to the Maine Health Department. Herbicides, which eliminate weeds and undesirable plants, pose poison dangers and separate tests detect their presence.

    Radioactive Materials

    • Health departments check for radioactive materials. A common test detects radon. Radon is a gas at room temperature, so radon releases spread quickly. Inspectors check for other elements such as uranium and plutonium. According to the Vermont Health Department, tests can focus on specific types of particles that radioactive materials emit, such as alpha particles, to determine overall danger levels.

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