Health Risks of Low Level Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure

Hydrogen sulfide, or H2S, is a colorless, flammable gas which is soluble in water. It has an odor similar to that of rotten eggs. It is found in natural gas, petroleum, sulfur deposits, volcanic gases and sulfur springs, and is naturally produced by the bacterial decomposition of organic matter. In everyday life, you are exposed to H2S from sources such as sewers (sewer gas), hot water tanks and septic tanks. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere is measured in parts per million (ppm). There are some health risks of low-level hydrogen sulfide exposure.

Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure

• People are exposed to hydrogen sulfide mainly by inhalation. However, it can also happen by ingestion of contaminated food and through skin by water and air. Once inside the body, hydrogen sulfide gets swiftly distributed to different organs, such as the central nervous system, liver, lungs and muscles. Also, the exposure of this gas is different for domestic and workplace environments. Therefore, a uniform concentration standard of 0.01ppm has been recommended to minimize the various harmful health effects caused due to chronic low-level exposure to H2S.

Eye Irritation

• Chronic exposure to a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide can result in eye irritation. Hydrogen sulfide has certain compounds that are not at all suitable for the human eye. If the gas gets into your eye, wash it with plenty of fresh water. If the irritation persists, immediately seek medical attention. According to the New York State Department of Health, “People living near industries that emit hydrogen sulfide have an increased risk of eye irritation, cough, headache, nasal blockage and impaired neurological function compared to unexposed residents.”

Sore Throat and Cough

• Another adverse effect of hydrogen sulfide is a sore throat, which may also lead to whooping cough. Hence, you need to immediately rush to an open space where there is plenty of fresh oxygen. Nausea and shortness of breath only occur in extreme cases and need immediate medical attention. The New York State Department of Health also states that, “Short-term exposure to moderate amounts of hydrogen sulfide in the workplace produces eye, nose and throat irritation, nausea, dizziness, breathing difficulties, headaches and loss of appetite and sleep.”

Temporary Olfactory Paralysis

• Temporary olfactory paralysis means that in the case of prolonged exposure, you will get used to the odor and will be unable to detect the presence of the gas after a small period of time. These symptoms can be gone in a few weeks. But low concentration but long-term exposure causes fatigue, low appetite, headache, lung irritation, blurred vision, insomnia, mental depression, decreased corneal reflex, poor memory and dizziness.