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Parvo Virus Definition

According to Stanford University (Thomas Lew), parvo virus (usually spelled as one word, "parvovirus"), which means "small virus," is "a viral family that is composed of small single-stranded DNA viruses." It can infect humans, cats, dogs and other warm-blooded animals in varying ways. However, transmission of the parvovirus between humans and animals, and between different species of animals, is virtually non-existent.

  1. History

    • Parvovirus was discovered in 1974 by Australian virologist Yvonne Cosart. According to Stanford University, parvovirus is the genesis behind many illnesses, including fifth disease in humans, canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). Vaccines have since been developed for CPV and FPV.

    Fifth Disease

    • According to Penn State Children's Hospital, fifth disease is the most common infection caused by the human parvovirus B19. Although it can affect adults, it is predominately a mild childhood illness that presents with a fever and red rash on the face and body (see Resources).

    Canine Parvovirus (CPV)

    • CPV is spread among dogs by contact with infected feces. According to Pet Education, puppies, non-vaccinated and immuno-suppressed dogs are most susceptible. CPV, which presents with bloody diarrhea and vomiting, is fatal if not treated early.

    Feline Parvovirus (FPV)

    • According to Cats.org, FPV generally affects young kittens and non-vaccinated adult cats. Spread through the feces of infected cats, FPV presents with vomiting, diarrhea and an inability to consume food or water. If not caught early, FPV is often fatal (see Resources).

    Parvovirus and Pregnancy

    • According to the Centers for Disease Control, parvovirus B19 can cause pregnancy complications in fewer than five percent of exposed women. In these instances, the fetus becomes anemic and miscarriage is possible (see Resources).

    Prevention

    • According to Penn State Children's Hospital, pregnant women and people with sickle cell anemia and suppressed immune systems should avoid people with parvovirus (see Resources). Vaccination is the best and easiest way to protect your dog or cat from parvovirus.

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