What is healed after one year of quitting smoking?

* Cilia. Within a few days to a few weeks after quitting smoking, the cilia (tiny hairs that line the airways) begin to regrow. This helps the lungs clear mucus and other debris more effectively.

* Mucus production. The amount of mucus produced by the lungs decreases after quitting smoking. This makes it easier to breathe and reduces the risk of respiratory infections.

* Lung inflammation. The inflammation in the lungs caused by smoking begins to heal after quitting. This can improve lung function and reduce the risk of developing chronic lung diseases, such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

* Blood flow to the heart. Blood flow to the heart improves after quitting smoking. This reduces the risk of developing heart disease and stroke.

* Blood pressure. Blood pressure decreases after quitting smoking. This reduces the risk of developing high blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke.

* Cholesterol levels. Cholesterol levels improve after quitting smoking. This reduces the risk of developing atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries that can lead to heart attacks and strokes.

* Cancer risk. The risk of developing cancer decreases after quitting smoking. This is especially true for cancers of the lung, head and neck, bladder, and pancreas.