What Happens During Labor

Stage 1: Early labor

* Prodromal labor: This is the phase of irregular contractions that may begin a few weeks before labor. They are usually mild and do not increase in intensity or frequency.

* True labor: True labor begins when contractions become regular and increase in intensity and frequency. They typically start at 20-30 minutes apart and gradually become more frequent, until they are 3-4 minutes apart.

Stage 2: Active labor

* This stage begins with the full dilation of the cervix (10 centimeters). Contractions become stronger and longer, lasting 60-90 seconds each.

* The baby's head begins to descend into the pelvis.

* The mother may experience nausea, vomiting, and back pain.

Stage 3: Expulsion of the baby

* This stage begins when the baby's head crowns (appears at the vaginal opening).

* The mother bears down with each contraction to help deliver the baby.

* The baby is usually born within a few minutes of crowning.

Stage 4: Delivery of the placenta

* This stage begins after the baby is born.

* The placenta separates from the uterine wall and is expelled from the vagina.

* The mother may experience mild cramping during this stage.

Postpartum period

* The postpartum period begins after the placenta is delivered.

* The mother's body begins to recover from childbirth.

* The mother may experience fatigue, soreness, and bleeding.