The Parts of Scaffolding

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, about 2.3 million construction workers utilize scaffolds frequently. Scaffolds, which consist of platforms supported by a frame and base structure, serve as temporary and moveable working areas to help workers reach heights above ground level. The two typical types of scaffolds, suspended and supported, have similar base, frame, stabilization and protection parts.

Scaffold Base

• The base of scaffold structures is important for stability. The base, along with a mud sill and brace plates, provides a solid surface for the feet of the scaffold. Use of unstable materials for the base may cause the scaffold to move, shift or sink. On acceptable surfaces that are not level, screw jacks level the scaffolding. Screw jacks with a built-in stop prevent users from exceeding a safe maximum height.

Framework and Platforms

• The platforms and frames of scaffolding systems can be made of wood or metal. The frame or bucks provide support and safety. A system of supported poles, legs, posts and uprights create the frame. Platforms and walk boards provide the working areas of the scaffold. OSHA guidelines state that the scaffold must be sturdy enough to carry its own weight plus four times the maximum intended load without displacement or settling. It is important to keep the scaffold framework square. Ramps, ladders and stair towers help workers gain access to the platforms.

Stabilizing Scaffolds

• Many parts of the scaffold system serve to stabilize, safely secure and square the scaffolds. Outrigger beams, along with cross, horizontal and diagonal braces, help prevent swaying and provide rigid support for the frame. Coupling or stacking pins and brackets join the framework and section panels. Guy wires and vertical ties offer additional support and help prevent the scaffold from tipping over.

Protection

• OSHA notes that falls account for most of the fatalities in the construction industry. Improper construction, defective equipment and improper use of a scaffold or personal protective equipment cause falls from scaffolds or contribute to injuries from the falls.

  Therefore, scaffold systems must include parts that help prevent falls and protect the workers. Guardrail systems with toeboards and a body belt or harness help protect the workers. Guardrails are installed on open sides and elevated ends. Canopies, nets or catch platforms offer protection from falling injuries and falling objects.

  Regular inspection of all parts by a competent and qualified person include making sure that rope ties are shielded from corrosion and heat, and checking braces, brackets, legs and ladders for any damage.