Benzene Dangers

The most basic of the organic aromatic compounds, benzene is a hazardous material that can cause severe health problems if handled improperly. Although benzene is an ingredient or intermediate in many industrial compounds, the most common chronic exposure route for most people is cigarette smoke.

Cancer

• Benzene is a known carcinogen. Specific cancers associated with chronic benzene exposure include leukemia and multiple myeloma, which affect the bloodstream and bone marrow respectively. Even in cases where it doesn't cause these types of cancer, benzene can trigger the onset of early warning signs for both diseases, which include a host of blood and bone marrow abnormalities (e.g., anemia and immune deficiencies).

Topical Hazards

• In addition to causing minor to severe skin irritation, skin contact with benzene can result in absorption into the skin, muscle tissue and bloodstream, which may produce toxic effects. Repeated skin contact can cause dermatitis, blistering and an overall "defatting" of the skin. Benzene also causes eye irritation and corneal damage.

Inhalation and Ingestion Hazards

• Benzene inhalation can irritate the respiratory tract, and may result in drowsiness and lightheadedness. Inhaling larger quantities of benzene may lead to the aforementioned blood and bone marrow abnormalities, as well as a potentially fatal chemical pneumonitis. Because it's heavier than air, benzene may reach dangerous concentrations in enclosed or low-lying areas. Ingesting benzene by mouth is also hazardous; it can cause unconsciousness, coma and death through respiratory arrest or arrhythmia.

Flammability

• Benzene is an extremely flammable liquid with a flash point of 12 degrees Fahrenheit (-11 degrees Celsius). Benzene vapor is very volatile, and may travel to a remote ignition source and flash back to an open container. Carbon monoxide is a hazardous product of benzene combustion.