Compressed Hydrogen Safety

Hydrogen is the first element of the periodic table and the most common element in the universe. While hydrogen's unique properties could make it an attractive prospect as an alternative fuel, its use should always be subject to several basic safety precautions.

Potential

• The main safety risks posed by hydrogen are flammability and high storage pressure. Hydrogen can burn rapidly in air at concentrations between 4 percent and 75 percent, and cylinders at high pressure can potentially burst or cause severe injury if they are damaged.

Precautions

• A hydrogen gas leak in an enclosed space is a serious hazard, because the gas could be ignited by a spark, high heat or electrical equipment and cause an explosion. Hydrogen cylinders should be stored outside and at a safe distance from windows or air intakes to prevent accidents.

Prevention/Solution

• Hydrogen cylinders should never be dropped, rolled or lifted by the protective safety cap; they should always be secured prior to use and used with an appropriate regulator to reduce outlet pressure. Hydrogen storage tanks should always be situated in locations that are safe from excessive heat, rain, snow, direct sunlight or corrosive conditions.

Considerations

• Pressure-relief devices are an essential component of hydrogen storage and supply systems. Gas detection systems designed to trigger an alarm when concentrations approach dangerous levels can help reduce the chance of an explosion or serious accident; proper ventilation to prevent accumulation of the gas in indoor environments is also a must.

Emergency

• In the event of a vessel rupture or hydrogen gas fire, evacuate the area and call 911 immediately. Do not attempt to fight the fire with water; water spray or water fire extinguishers are typically insufficient to put out a hydrogen flame.