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OSHA Regulation of Isocyanate Containing Paints

Isocyanates are chemical compounds that react with alcohol compounds. The results of combining these two compounds are polyurethane polymers. One of these products is paint used primarily in the auto industry. Exposure to these products can cause health problems. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires employers to provide a work environment that minimizes or eliminates exposure to isocyanate-containing products.

  1. OSHA Standards

    • OSHA uses several federal regulations (CFRs) to describe requirements for limiting exposure to hazardous substances. Among them is 29 CFR 1910.1000, Air contaminants and 29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-1, Limits for air contaminants. The former explains how to calculate exposure and the latter lists the limits of exposure for many different chemicals.

    Health Effects

    • According to OSHA and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the health effects of exposure to isocyanates include "irritation of skin and mucous membranes, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing." Long term exposure from some of these compounds has been shown to be carcinogenic in animals. Occupational asthma, which accounts for up to 15 percent of asthma cases in the U.S., is also a common result of exposure.

    Medical Monitoring

    • A medical monitoring program is required for all workers who could be exposed to isocyanates. This program starts with a baseline exam to determine the lung related health of the employee prior to beginning work. Each employee is examined periodically throughout his employment, and examined immediately upon showing signs of exposure, such as a rash, nagging cough or difficulty in breathing.

    Personal Protective Equipment

    • Since isocyanate-containing paint can be absorbed through the skin as well as inhaled, personal protective equipment (PPE) required to prevent exposure includes coveralls, chemical resistant gloves and goggles, a full face shield, and appropriate respiratory equipment. To be most effective, NIOSH recommends the respirator system should be a self-contained suit with full face shield and its own air supply. When combined with an effective ventilation system, the threat of exposure can be eliminated.

    Training

    • An employer must have a training program in the proper use and care of its respirator system. The training includes fit testing (this determines the proper fit and sealing of the system), cleaning and maintenance of the equipment. Employees should also be trained to understand the health risks and to recognize the symptoms of exposure to isocyanate.

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