OSHA Confined-Space Entry Training

Confined-spaces training is needed primarily in the maritime industry. The design of a ship requires many compartments. Many of those compartments are below the waterline or interior compartments. In both cases, proper exchange of fresh air depends on a functioning ventilation system. If the ventilation fails, or is overwhelmed by activity, such as painting or welding, precautions are needed to prevent injuries caused by toxic fumes. To achieve this goal, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires workers to receive confined-space training.

When

• To be in compliance with OSHA standards, training is conducted for all new workers and for everyone when work conditions change that could introduce a hazard not already covered in training. These changes can be either operational or in individual work duties.

Recognize Confined Space

• OSHA defines a confined space as, "a compartment of small size and limited access... which... can readily create a hazardous exposure." In the maritime industry, most compartments aboard ship can be considered confined space. Workers need to know how to recognize a confined space.

Anticipate Hazards

• Anticipating hazards can be the most important step in preventing an injury. Training in this area consists of being aware of your surroundings, recognizing strange odors, noticing a lack of ventilation, blocked exits or seeing smoke that isn't welding-related.

Recognize Symptoms

• Coughing, difficulty breathing, blurred vision, burning eyes, headache and exhaustion are all symptoms of exposure to atmosphere hazards. Recognizing any or all of these symptoms is included in the training.

Equipment

• The most common piece of personal protective equipment (PPE) is the respirator. The appropriate PPE depends upon the activity taking place in the confined space. Brush painting, for example, may require only a simple mask. Compartments containing toxic chemicals require a fully contained respirator system including a portable air supply. For rescue operations, generally including a fire, flame retardant gear is also necessary. Training must include proper fit, use, cleaning and maintenance of this PPE.

Evacuation

• An evacuation can be ordered by anyone who recognizes a hazardous condition. An alarm is sounded to signal that an evacuation has been ordered. All workers must be trained to recognize the alarm and to exit the area in an orderly manner.

Certification

• After training is completed, certificates are issued. The required information on each training certificate includes the trainee's name, the trainer's name and the date training was conducted. These certificates are filed by the employer and must be available for inspection purposes.