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What Causes Chemical Burns?

Chemical burns are those caused by caustic chemical substances. Chemicals that are either extremely acidic or extremely alkaline can be corrosive to skin and other tissues. Inhalation or ingestion of caustic substances can cause chemical burns inside the body. A chemical burn should be flushed with water immediately and wrapped in sterile gauze.

  1. Household Acids

    • Several household products contain caustic acids that can result in chemical burns. Acetic acid, for example, is present in hair dyes and styling products as well as some disinfectants. Hydrochloric and sulfuric acids are present in toilet and drain cleaners.

    Household Bases

    • Detergents and cleaning products typically contain some highly alkaline chemicals that can be caustic. Oven cleaners, for example, contain sodium or potassium hydroxide. Ammonia and phosphates are present in detergents. Household bleach is a caustic alkaline substance that will cause chemical burns.

    Other

    • Other acidic substances that can cause chemical burns include hydrofluoric acid, which is present in rust removers and tile cleaners and is highly dangerous. Formic acid in model glue and nitric acid, used in metal engraving, can also cause chemical burns. Other caustic bases include cement mix, which contains lime (calcium oxide), and calcium hypochlorite, which is present in pool chlorine.

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