What is transhepatic biliary catheterization?

Transhepatic biliary catheterization is a medical procedure involving the placement of a flexible catheter through the liver into the bile duct, aiding in the drainage of bile from the liver and gallbladder. It is commonly used in cases of biliary obstruction or to treat conditions such as jaundice, gallstones, or pancreatic diseases.

The procedure begins by creating a small incision in the skin of the abdomen, usually under local anesthesia. Under ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance, a needle is inserted through the liver tissue into the bile duct, and the contrast dye is injected to visualize the bile ducts' anatomy. Once the needle is correctly positioned, a guidewire is inserted, followed by the placement of a thin catheter. The catheter is secured in place, allowing bile to flow out and drain into a collection bag.

Transhepatic biliary catheterization provides a nonsurgical alternative for relieving bile duct obstruction and provides access for interventions like stent placement or contrast injection for diagnostic purposes. It allows the drainage of bile from the liver, helping reduce symptoms such as pain, nausea, and jaundice, and it facilitates medical management of various biliary conditions.