What are the most positive techniques to diagnose properly entrapment of medial calcaneal nerve?

The most positive techniques to diagnose properly entrapment of medial calcaneal nerve include:

- Tinel's sign: The examiner taps over the medial calcaneal nerve, just posterior to the medial malleolus. A positive Tinel's sign is characterized by a tingling sensation or paresthesia in the distribution of the medial calcaneal nerve, which may indicate nerve compression or entrapment.

- Hoffmann's test: The examiner stabilizes the foot with one hand and dorsiflexes the great toe with the other hand. A positive Hoffmann's test is when dorsiflexion of the great toe reproduces pain in the region of the medial calcaneal nerve, suggesting nerve entrapment.

- Nerve conduction studies: These studies measure the electrical activity of the medial calcaneal nerve and can help identify abnormalities in nerve function, including conduction delays or blocks, which may indicate nerve compression or entrapment.

- Electromyography (EMG): EMG evaluates the electrical activity of the muscles innervated by the medial calcaneal nerve. Abnormal EMG findings, such as decreased muscle activity or spontaneous muscle activity, may suggest nerve damage or entrapment.

- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI provides detailed cross-sectional images of the foot and can help identify anatomical abnormalities or masses that may be compressing the medial calcaneal nerve.