What does not involve a surgical procedure or using an incision to create opening a. Thoracentesis b. Bronchoscopy c. Tracheostomy d. Lobectomy?

The correct answer is d. Lobectomy.

A lobectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of a lobe of the lung. It is typically performed to treat lung cancer, but may also be used to treat other conditions such as emphysema or bronchiectasis.