What are the anatomic causes of coma?
Structural lesions:
- Supratentorial:
- Intracerebral hemorrhage
- Ischemic stroke
- Intracerebral tumors
- Subdural hematoma
- Epidural hematoma
- Brain abscess
- Encephalitis
- Meningitis
- Infratentorial:
- Cerebellar hemorrhage
- Pontine hemorrhage
- Medullary hemorrhage
- Cerebellar infarction
- Pontine infarction
- Medullary infarction
- Cerebellar tumors
- Brainstem tumors
- Cerebellar abscess
- Brainstem abscess
- Cerebellar encephalitis
- Brainstem encephalitis
- Cerebellar meningitis
- Brainstem meningitis
Metabolic disorders:
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
- Hypothyroidism
- Myxedema coma
- Addison's disease
- Adrenal crisis
- Cushing's syndrome
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypermagnesemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hypernatremia
- Hyponatremia
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypokalemia
- Acid-base disorders
- Respiratory acidosis
- Metabolic acidosis
- Respiratory alkalosis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Liver failure
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Renal failure
- Uremia
- Sepsis
- Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
- Multi-organ failure
Toxicologic disorders:
- Drug overdose
- Alcohol intoxication
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Cyanide poisoning
- Heavy metal poisoning
- Insecticide poisoning
- Herbicide poisoning
- Rodenticide poisoning
- Snake venom
- Spider venom
- Scorpion venom
- Bee sting
- Wasp sting
Anoxic disorders:
- Cardiac arrest
- Hypoxia
- Respiratory failure
- Pneumonia
- Asthma
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Pulmonary embolism
- Near-drowning
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Cyanide poisoning
- Ischemia
- Stroke
- Heart attack
- Aortic dissection
- Thromboembolism
- Vasospasm
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Cerebral vasospasm
- Raynaud's phenomenon
Psychiatric disorders:
- Catatonia
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar disorder
- Major depressive disorder
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Dissociative disorders
- Conversion disorders
- Factitious disorders
- Malingering