When are forceps used in childbirth?

Forceps are an obstetrical instrument used to assist in vaginal delivery. They are typically used when a baby is in a difficult position or when the mother is struggling to push the baby out. Forceps are also used when there is a risk of a prolapsed umbilical cord, which is a condition in which the umbilical cord protrudes from the cervix and can become compressed during delivery.

Forceps are typically applied to the baby's head, but they can also be used on the shoulders or buttocks. The forceps are held in place by the obstetrician, who then exerts pressure to help guide the baby out of the birth canal.

Forceps are a very effective tool for assisting in childbirth, but they can also cause injury to the mother or baby if they are not used properly. For this reason, forceps are only used when they are absolutely necessary.

Some of the risks associated with the use of forceps include:

* Maternal injury: Forceps can cause bruising or tearing of the mother's soft tissue, including her vagina, cervix, and perineum.

* Fetal injury: Forceps can cause bruising, cuts, or fractures to the baby's skull or face.

* Cerebral palsy: Forceps can increase the risk of cerebral palsy, which is a condition that affects muscle tone, movement, and balance.

Forceps are a safe and effective tool for assisting in childbirth when used properly. However, it is important to be aware of the risks associated with their use.